12th Physics Foundation Crash Course

Here’s a brief roadmap of topics for a 12th Physics Foundation One Shot course:

Mechanics
1. **Vectors**: Basics, addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication.
2. **Kinematics**: Motion in one and two dimensions, equations of motion.
3. **Laws of Motion**: Newton’s laws, applications, friction, and dynamics of uniform circular motion.
4. **Work, Energy, and Power**: Work-energy theorem, kinetic and potential energy, power.
5. **Rotational Motion**: Angular velocity, angular acceleration, moment of inertia, torque, rotational dynamics.
6. **Gravitation**: Universal law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, gravitational potential energy.

Thermodynamics
1. **Thermal Properties of Matter**: Heat transfer, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry.
2. **Thermodynamics**: Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot engine, entropy.

Electromagnetism
1. **Electrostatics**: Coulomb’s law, electric field and potential, capacitors, dielectrics.
2. **Current Electricity**: Ohm’s law, circuits, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge.
3. **Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism**: Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Lorentz force, moving charges in magnetic fields, Earth’s magnetism.
4. **Electromagnetic Induction**: Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, self and mutual induction, AC generator, transformer.

Waves and Optics
1.Oscillations**: Simple harmonic motion (SHM), damped and forced oscillations, resonance.
2. Waves**: Types of waves, wave speed, superposition principle, standing waves.
3. Optics: Reflection and refraction, mirrors and lenses, wave optics, interference, diffraction, polarization.

Modern Physics
1. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation: Photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis.
2. Atoms and Nuclei: Atomic models, X-rays, radioactivity, nuclear reactions.
3. Electronic Devices: Semiconductors, diodes, transistors, logic gates, LEDs, solar cells.

Practical Physics
1. Experiments: Key experiments and their theoretical background, error analysis, and measurement techniques.

Revision and Practice
1. Problem-solving sessions: Focus on typical problems and their solutions.
2. Previous year question papers: Solving and discussing past exam papers.
3. Mock tests: Timed tests to simulate exam conditions and review sessions for analyzing performance.

Each of these topics should be covered with a focus on fundamental concepts, important formulas, key derivations, and application-based problems to ensure a thorough understanding and solid foundation in 12th-grade Physics.